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What is Precious Opal?
Precious opal is any type of natural opal gemstone that shows a “play of color,” such as flakes of variable colors reflecting from inside the specimen upon white light exposure. Unlike common opal, a precious stone can reflect multiple colors from a single viewpoint. For an example of an opal stone with a play-of-color, please…
Environmental Engineering & Construction | Environmental Sustainability | Geology & Earth Science | Land Development & Real EstateSoil pH Test Strips
The pH of soil can be measured using a variety of different devices, or pH testers, which can quickly indicate to a user the pH of their soil. Soil ph test strips determine a numerical value indicating the acidity or alkalinity of soil. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral….

What is Common Opal?
Common Opal is a specific type of opal that usually exists in one color, and has no play-of-color when flashed with light. Unlike precious opal, common opal appears to be “glassy” with transparent and translucent properties. A common blue opal or fire opal gemstone will predominantly reflect one pigment of color from any viewpoint. Please refer to…

Bismuth (Bi) – The Popular Rainbow Element
Bismuth Chemical & Physical Properties Bismuth has been known and used by humans for hundreds of years for its host of remarkable properties. The mineral we know as bismuth was originally referred to as Wismut by 15th-century German monks, the name coming from the German phrase meaning “white mass.” Bismuth is well-known as a useful mineral…

Geologic Time Scale
The Geologic Time Scale is an international system used by geologists to classify and identify major geologic events and formations. The geologic timescale essentially categories the earth’s entire geologic (and biologic) history, within a series of defined eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages. Updates & Maintenance The geologic time scale is continuously modified and updated…

Geology of East Hollywood, Los Angeles, California
Geology of East Hollywood, Los Angeles, California & Hydrogeology This post summarizes the basic geology of the East Hollywood region of Los Angeles California. Some geological and hydrogeological data may be incomplete or pending review. Nonetheless, students, geologists, and earth scientists are welcome to openly use, critique, and contribute information. To do so, please refer…

